The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on physiological and biochemical parameters and capsaicinoid production in Capsicum annuum L.: A comparative study of extraction methods and solvents

This study aimed to determine the effect of two mycorrhizal fungi, Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri), on capsaicinoid production in Capsicum annuum L. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) via different extraction approaches, magnetic stirring ultrasound-assisted with three solvents, ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EtAce), acetonitrile (AceN). The fungi some physiological properties biochemical activity, content total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity were also investigated. For all investigated parameters, plants inoculated showed significantly higher values than non-mycorrhizal control plants, except for malondialdehyde (MDA), which was an indicator lipid peroxidation due damage that occurred cell membrane. It concluded inoculation increased both capsaicin dihydrocapsaicin up 4-fold C. compared control. Results indicated ultrasoundassisted EtAce most effective method determination GCMS.